These criteria are relevant to all species and all regions of the world. With its strong scientific base, the IUCN Red List is recognized as the most authoritative guide to the status of biological diversity.

A series of Regional Red Lists are produced by countries or organizations, which assess the risk of extinction to species within a political management unit.

The IUCN Red List is set upon precise criteria to evaluate the extinction risk of thousands of species and subspecies.

The aim is to convey the urgency of conservation issues to the public and policy makers, as well as help the international community to try to reduce species extinction.

According to IUCN the formally stated goals of the Red List are to provide scientifically based information on the status of species and subspecies at a global level, to draw attention to the magnitude and importance of threatened biodiversity, to influence national and international policy and decision-making, and to provide information to guide actions to conserve biological diversity.

Collectively, assessments by these organizations and groups account for nearly half the species on the Red List. The IUCN aims to have the category of every species re-evaluated every five years if possible, or at least every ten years.

The number of species which have been assessed for the Red List has been increasing over time. Plants listed may not, therefore, appear in the current Red List.

The Red List, released on 4 May evaluated 40, species as a whole, plus an additional 2, subspecies , varieties , aquatic stocks , and subpopulations.

In this release, they have raised their classification of both the western lowland gorilla Gorilla gorilla gorilla and the Cross River gorilla Gorilla gorilla diehli from endangered to critically endangered , which is the last category before extinct in the wild , due to Ebola virus and poaching , along with other factors.

The Red List was released on 6 October at the IUCN World Conservation Congress in Barcelona and "confirmed an extinction crisis, with almost one in four [mammals] at risk of disappearing forever".

The study shows at least 1, of the 5, mammals on Earth are known to be threatened with extinction, and are listed as Data Deficient.

Species are classified by the IUCN Red List into nine groups, [14] specified through criteria such as rate of decline, population size, area of geographic distribution, and degree of population and distribution fragmentation.

There is an emphasis on the acceptability of applying any criteria in the absence of high quality data including suspicion and potential future threats, "so long as these can reasonably be supported".

In the framework, Near Threatened and Least Concern became their own categories, while Conservation Dependent was removed and its contents merged into Near Threatened.

Spix's macaw. There have been a number of versions, dating from , including: [18] [19]. In , the IUCN Red List received criticism on the grounds of secrecy or at least poor documentation surrounding the sources of its data.

AVG Antivirus. Avast Antivirus. Webroot Antivirus. Or jump to: Best ransomware removal software. While there are tools available that will aim to help reverse a ransomware attack, the best defense is to avoid being infected by ransomware in the first place.

Most of the best antivirus software and anti-malware software will have protections against ransomware built in, so we've featured these at the top of our list - after all, prevention is better than treatment.

On top of this, for ordinary users backing up their most import files offline or online through a cloud storage solution, chances are they can recover them if you access them from a different machine.

For businesses, really it's long past time to have a full disaster recovery software platform in place, to ensure that - should a ransomware attack get past your existing endpoint security - you can at least recover everything you need from a recent or even real-time backup.

Altogether, ransomware remains bad news and its likely to become worse, and while we've tried to list the best tools for removing it, do be aware that they have limitations and that prevention is the much better strategy.

Note: For our Bitdefender Antivirus Plus review , we tested the version. This was updated and renamed to in July this year.

Bidefender Antivirus Plus is reliable and accurate in its virus detecting, boasting web and URL filtering to block access to malicious sites, as well as a secure browser that keeps your online banking and shopping transactions safe.

Plus, there's a password manager which auto-completes credit card details in web forms. It also scores high for its excellent anti-phishing module, which alerts you to malicious links in your search engine results and blocks access to dangerous sites.

There are one or two issues — it grabs more resources than average, and might conflict with some programs — but Bitdefender Antivirus Plus is still a likeable package which offers excellent detection rates, great performance, and more than enough bonus features to justify the price.

Bitdefender Internet Security builds on AVP and triples the number of devices covered plus offers anti-spam, firewall, parental advisor and file encryption features.

For a little bit more you can purchase the Bitdefender Total Security edition. Bitdefender Antivirus Plus comes with the added bonus of a VPN and Safepay as well as boasting multi-layer ransomware protection.

This constantly tracks any malware and records the cyberthreat's pattern to keep you secure online. If you're looking for ransomware protection that keeps quiet and won't disturb your work, be warned — AVG Antivirus Free is quite vocal with its notifications, and irks us from time to time with pop-ups telling us we've done something fantastic with regard to our online security.

As a ransomware shield and anti-malware app, though, it's very good. Name of the search engine displayed to user. Omnibox keyword for the search engine.

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Avoid tolls. Avoid vignettes Switzerland Avoid off-road connections ferry, train Allow Border Crossings.

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